Demai 1

הַקַּלִּין שֶׁבַּדְּמַאי, הַשִּׁיתִין, וְהָרִימִין וְהָעֻזְרָדִין, וּבְנוֹת שׁוּחַ, וּבְנוֹת שִׁקְמָה, וְנוֹבְלוֹת הַתְּמָרָה, וְהַגֻּפְנִין, וְהַנִּצְפָּה. וּבִיהוּדָה, הָאוֹג, וְהַחֹמֶץ שֶׁבִּיהוּדָה, וְהַכֻּסְבָּר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַשִּׁיתִין פְּטוּרִין, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל דּוּפְרָה. כָּל הָרִימִין פְּטוּרִין, חוּץ מֵרִימֵי שִׁקְמוֹנָה. כָּל בְּנוֹת שִׁקְמָה פְּטוּרוֹת, חוּץ מִן הַמֻּסְטָפוֹס:

These are those which we are lenient with <i>Demai</i> [produce from which it is uncertain if tithes were already taken]: wild figs, the fruit of the lotus, crab apples, white figs, fruit of the sycamore, stunted dates, dill, and capers; and in Judea, the sumac, Judean vinegar, and coriander. Rabbi Yehudah says, “All the wild figs are exempt except for those that bear twice a year; all the lotus fruits are exempt except for the lotus fruit from Shikmonah; all the sycamore fruits are exempt except for those that have been burst open.”

הַדְּמַאי אֵין לוֹ חֹמֶשׁ, וְאֵין לוֹ בִעוּר, וְנֶאֱכָל לְאוֹנֵן, וְנִכְנָס לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וְיוֹצֵא, וּמְאַבְּדִין אֶת מִעוּטוֹ בַּדְּרָכִים, וְנוֹתְנוֹ לְעַם הָאָרֶץ, וְיֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדּוֹ. וּמְחַלְּלִים אוֹתוֹ כֶּסֶף עַל כֶּסֶף, נְחֹשֶׁת עַל נְחשֶׁת, כֶּסֶף עַל נְחֹשֶׁת, וּנְחֹשֶׁת עַל הַפֵּרוֹת, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיַּחֲזֹר וְיִפְדֶּה אֶת הַפֵּרוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יַעֲלֶה הַפֵּרוֹת וְיֵאָכְלוּ בִירוּשָׁלָיִם:

<i>Demai</i> does not have a [penalty of a] fifth, and does not require removal, and an <i>Onen</i> [person whose close relative has died and not yet been buried] may eat it, and may enter Jerusalem and leave, and one may lose a small amount of it on the road, and it may be given to an <i>Am HaAretz</i> [one who is lax in observing tithes and purity laws], and he may eat something else instead and exchange it, silver for silver, copper for copper, silver for copper, and copper for fruit. And this is only if he returns to redeem the fruits, this is the opinion of Rabbi Meir. And the sages say, “He brings up the fruit, and they will be eaten in Jerusalem.”

הַלּוֹקֵחַ לְזֶרַע וְלִבְהֵמָה, קֶמַח לְעוֹרוֹת, שֶׁמֶן לְנֵר, שֶׁמֶן לָסוּךְ בּוֹ אֶת הַכֵּלִים, פָּטוּר מִן הַדְּמַאי. מִכְּזִיב וּלְהַלָּן, פָּטוּר מִן הַדְּמַאי. חַלַּת עַם הָאָרֶץ, וְהַמְדֻמָּע, וְהַלָּקוּחַ בְּכֶסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, וּשְׁיָרֵי הַמְּנָחוֹת, פְּטוּרִין מִן הַדְּמַאי. שֶׁמֶן עָרֵב, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְחַיְּבִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל פּוֹטְרִין:

One who buys for seed or for domestic animals, flour for skins, oil for lighting, or oil for utensil grease; [these are] exempt from <i>Demai</i>. [Areas located] from K’ziv and beyond are exempt from <i>Demai</i>. The <i>Challah</i> [dough that must be set aside for the priest] of an <i>Am HaAretz</i>, and a mixture of regular produce with <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption], and that which was bought with money of the second tithe, and the remnant of the meal offering, are exempt from <i>Demai</i>. Fragrant oil is obligated by the school of Shammai, and the school of Hillel exempts.

הַדְּמַאי, מְעָרְבִין בּוֹ, וּמִשְׁתַּתְּפִין בּוֹ, וּמְבָרְכִין עָלָיו, וּמְזַמְּנִין עָלָיו, וּמַפְרִישִׁין אוֹתוֹ עָרוֹם, בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת. הָא אִם הִקְדִּים מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן, אֵין בְּכָךְ כְּלוּם. שֶׁמֶן שֶׁהַגַּרְדִּי סָךְ בְּאֶצְבְּעוֹתָיו, חַיָּב בִּדְּמַאי. וְשֶׁהַסּוֹרֵק נוֹתֵן בַּצֶּמֶר, פָּטוּר מִן הַדְּמָאי:

<i>Demai</i> may be used to make an <i>Eruv</i> for shared courtyards and alleyways, and we bless on it [before eating], and invite on it [others to the blessings after the meal], and tithes may be separated from it while naked, and at twilight [on <i>Erev Shabbat</i>]. If one separated the second tithe before the first, this doesn’t matter. Oil with which a weaver anoints his fingers is obligated in <i>Demai</i>, and that which the comber puts in wool is exempt from <i>Demai</i>.