Chullin 1

הַכֹּל שׁוֹחֲטִין וּשְׁחִיטָתָן כְּשֵׁרָה, חוּץ מֵחֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה, וְקָטָן, שֶׁמָּא יְקַלְקְלוּ בִשְׁחִיטָתָן. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁשָּׁחֲטוּ וַאֲחֵרִים רוֹאִין אוֹתָן, שְׁחִיטָתָן כְּשֵׁרָה. שְׁחִיטַת נָכְרִי, נְבֵלָה, וּמְטַמְּאָה בְמַשָּׂא. הַשּׁוֹחֵט בַּלַּיְלָה, וְכֵן הַסּוּמָא שֶׁשָּׁחַט, שְׁחִיטָתוֹ כְשֵׁרָה. הַשּׁוֹחֵט בְּשַׁבָּת, וּבְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמִּתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ, שְׁחִיטָתוֹ כְשֵׁרָה:

Everyone [may] slaughter and his slaughter is valid, except [that of] a deafmute, a simpleton or a minor, so that they will not spoil the slaughter [i.e., make a mistake]. But [if they] all slaughter and others see them, their slaughter is valid. The slaughter of a non-Jew - it is a nevelah and has the uncleanness of carry-on. [If] the slaughterer [slaughters] at night and thereby his slaughter is blind, his slaughter is valid. [If] the slaughterer [slaughters] on Shabbat, or on Yom Kippur - even though he is liable for his soul - his slaughter is valid.

הַשּׁוֹחֵט בְּמַגַּל יָד, בְּצוֹר, וּבְקָנֶה, שְׁחִיטָתוֹ כְשֵׁרָה. הַכֹּל שׁוֹחֲטִין וּלְעוֹלָם שׁוֹחֲטִין, וּבַכֹּל שׁוֹחֲטִין, חוּץ מִמַּגַּל קָצִיר, וְהַמְּגֵרָה, וְהַשִּׁנַּיִם, וְהַצִּפֹּרֶן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן חוֹנְקִין. הַשּׁוֹחֵט בְּמַגַּל קָצִיר בְּדֶרֶךְ הֲלִיכָתָהּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹסְלִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַכְשִׁירִין. וְאִם הֶחֱלִיקוּ שִׁנֶּיהָ, הֲרֵי הִיא כְסַכִּין:

When a person had cut the throat [of an animal] with a hand sickle, a sharp flint stone, or with a reed, it is Cashér. All may slaughter, at any time, and with any instrument, excepting a reaping hook, a saw, the [sharp] teeth [of animals fixed in the maxillary bone], or with the finger nail, because the [first mentioned three] do not cut, but strangle [and tear]. When a person slaughtered an animal with a reaping hook, having teeth or notches, with the first or down stroke or cut only, it is unfit for use according to Beth Shammai, but Beth Hillel hold it to be Cashér; but if the teeth of the reaping hook had been ground away [so as to give it a sharp and even edge] it is the same as a knife.

הַשּׁוֹחֵט מִתּוֹךְ הַטַּבַּעַת וְשִׁיֵּר בָּהּ מְלֹא הַחוּט עַל פְּנֵי כֻלָּהּ, שְׁחִיטָתוֹ כְשֵׁרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מְלֹא הַחוּט עַל פְּנֵי רֻבָּהּ:

Should a person have to cut through the great or top ring of the trachea or windpipe, that but the width of a thread of the whole circumference of the ring remained [on the upper part], the animal so killed is Cashér. R. José bar Jehudah saith, "It is Cashér when the greatest part of this breadth remained."

הַשּׁוֹחֵט מִן הַצְּדָדִין שְׁחִיטָתוֹ כְשֵׁרָה. הַמּוֹלֵק מִן הַצְּדָדִין, מְלִיקָתוֹ פְסוּלָה. הַשּׁוֹחֵט מִן הָעֹרֶף, שְׁחִיטָתוֹ פְסוּלָה. הַמּוֹלֵק מִן הָעֹרֶף, מְלִיקָתוֹ כְשֵׁרָה. הַשּׁוֹחֵט מִן הַצַּוָּאר, שְׁחִיטָתוֹ כְשֵׁרָה. הַמּוֹלֵק מִן הַצַּוָּאר, מְלִיקָתוֹ פְסוּלָה, שֶׁכָּל הָעֹרֶף כָּשֵׁר לִמְלִיקָה, וְכָל הַצַּוָּאר כָּשֵׁר לִשְׁחִיטָה. נִמְצָא, כָּשֵׁר בִּשְׁחִיטָה, פָּסוּל בִּמְלִיקָה. כָּשֵׁר בִּמְלִיקָה, פָּסוּל בִּשְׁחִיטָה:

An animal which was slaughtered by being cut at either side of the throat is Cashér, but if the neck of a bird brought as a sacrifice was wrung off sideways, it is thereby rendered an unfit sacrifice. If an animal was cut from the neck downwards, it becomes unlawful for use, but a bird whose neck was thus wrung is a valid sacrifice. An animal which was cut below the throat is Cashér, but the wringing off of birds’ heads from below the throat render them unfit sacrifices, because the whole region of the neck is appropriate for the wringing off of the head [of birds], and the whole region of the throat for slaughtering [animals], therefore whatever [in respect to cutting] renders an animal Cashér, must render a bird thus treated an unfit sacrifice, and the same in the reverse case.

כָּשֵׁר בַּתּוֹרִין, פָּסוּל בִּבְנֵי יוֹנָה. כָּשֵׁר בִּבְנֵי יוֹנָה, פָּסוּל בַּתּוֹרִין. תְּחִלַּת הַצִּהוּב, בָּזֶה וּבָזֶה פָּסוּל:

That which makes turtle-doves proper sacrifices, renders young pigeons improper ones, and whilst these are valid as young pigeons, they cannot be used as sacrifices of turtle-doves. When the neck feathers of either kind begin to shine and to turn yellow, they are unfit sacrifices.

כָּשֵׁר בַּפָּרָה, פָּסוּל בָּעֶגְלָה. כָּשֵׁר בָּעֶגְלָה, פָּסוּל בַּפָּרָה. כָּשֵׁר בַּכֹּהֲנִים, פָּסוּל בַּלְוִיִּם. כָּשֵׁר בַּלְוִיִּם, פָּסוּל בַּכֹּהֲנִים. טָהוֹר בִּכְלֵי חֶרֶשׂ, טָמֵא בְכָל הַכֵּלִים. טָהוֹר בְּכָל הַכֵּלִים, טָמֵא בִכְלֵי חָרֶשׂ. טָהוֹר בִּכְלֵי עֵץ, טָמֵא בִכְלֵי מַתָּכוֹת. טָהוֹר בִּכְלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, טָמֵא בִכְלֵי עֵץ. הַחַיָּב בַּשְּׁקֵדִים הַמָּרִים, פָּטוּר בַּמְּתוּקִים. הַחַיָּב בַּמְּתוּקִים, פָּטוּר בַּמָּרִים:

That which constitutes a [red] heifer a proper sacrifice, invalidates the calf [whose neck was to be broken, and also the reverse. That which does not disqualify priests [to minister in the Temple] disqualifies Levites, and the reverse. That which is [legally] clean in earthenware vessels, renders other vessels unclean, and the reverse takes place in other kinds of vessels. That which is considered [legally] clean in a wooden vessel is unclean in one of metal, and the reverse. The degree of ripeness which subjects bitter almonds to tithe, does not yet subject sweet almonds to the same; and when the latter become subject, the bitter ones are already free from the obligation of tithe.

הַתֶּמֶד, עַד שֶׁלֹּא הֶחֱמִיץ, אֵינוֹ נִקָּח בְּכֶסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר, וּפוֹסֵל אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה. מִשֶּׁהֶחֱמִיץ, נִקָּח בְּכֶסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר וְאֵינוֹ פוֹסֵל אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה. הָאַחִין הַשֻּׁתָּפִין, כְּשֶׁחַיָּבִין בַּקָּלְבּוֹן, פְּטוּרִין מִמַּעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה. כְּשֶׁחַיָּבִין בְּמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה, פְּטוּרִין מִן הַקָּלְבּוֹן. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ מֶכֶר, אֵין קְנַס. וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ קְנַס, אֵין מָכֶר. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ מֵאוּן, אֵין חֲלִיצָה. וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ חֲלִיצָה, אֵין מֵאוּן. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ תְּקִיעָה, אֵין הַבְדָּלָה. וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ הַבְדָּלָה, אֵין תְּקִיעָה. יוֹם טוֹב שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, תּוֹקְעִין וְלֹא מַבְדִּילִין. בְּמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת, מַבְדִּילִין וְלֹא תוֹקְעִין. כֵּיצַד מַבְדִּילִין, הַמַּבְדִּיל בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ לְקֹדֶשׁ. רַבִּי דוֹסָא אוֹמֵר, בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ חָמוּר לְקֹדֶשׁ הַקַּל:

An infusion of water on grape lees which has not yet fermented, may not be bought for the money of second tithe, and renders a bath, however, unfit [for legal cleansing]; but when it has fermented it may be purchased for the money of second tithe, and its admixture does not render a bath unfit Brothers who, after sharing the inheritance from their parents, have entered into partnership, are not bound to pay the tithe of cattle while they are liable to the Kalbon, but whilst they are liable to the payment of cattle-tithe they are not subject to the Kalbon. While the right of sale is vested in the father [who may during the minority of his daughter sell her as a handmaid] no fine can be imposed, and when damages can be legally claimed the right of sale ceases. Whilst the right of refusal is in force Chalitzah does not take place, and when that ceremony is performed the right of refusal is no longer applicable. When the cornet is sounded no Habdallah is said, and when that is said the cornet is not sounded. When a festival happens on the eve of the Sabbath the cornet is sounded, but the Habdallah is not said. If on the day after the Sabbath, it is said, but the cornet is not sounded. What is the form of the [prayer] Habdallah? [Blessed art thou, &c.] "who makest a distinction between holy and holy;" but according to R. Dosa, "who makest a distinction between the greater and minor degrees of holiness."