Bekhorot 5

כָּל פְּסוּלֵי הַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין (הֲנָאָתָן לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ), נִמְכָּרִין בָּאִטְלִיז (וְנִשְׁחָטִין בָּאִטְלִיז) וְנִשְׁקָלִין בְּלִטְרָא, חוּץ מִן הַבְּכוֹר וּמִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר, שֶׁהֲנָיָתָן לַבְּעָלִים. פְּסוּלֵי הַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין הֲנָיָתָן לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ. וְשׁוֹקְלִין מָנֶה כְנֶגֶד מָנֶה בַּבְּכוֹר:

All disqualified sanctified animals may be sold in the butcher shop, (slaughtered in the butcher shop,) and weighed against standard weights, except for the firstborn and the tithe, for their benefit [goes] to their owners. The benefit of disqualified sanctified animals goes to the Temple. Regarding a firstborn, we weigh a portion against a [non-sacred] portion.

בֵית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, לֹא יִמָּנָה יִשְׂרָאֵל עִם הַכֹּהֵן עַל הַבְּכוֹר. בֵּית הִלֵּל מַתִּירִין, וַאֲפִלּוּ נָכְרִי. בְּכוֹר שֶׁאֲחָזוֹ דָם, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא מֵת, אֵין מַקִּיזִין לוֹ דָם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יַקִּיז, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה בוֹ מוּם. וְאִם עָשָׂה בוֹ מוּם, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִשָּׁחֵט עָלָיו. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר יַקִּיז, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בוֹ מוּם:

Beit Shammai say an Israelite should not join a priest [in eating a disqualified] firstborn. Beit Hillel permit it even for a non-Jew. If a firstborn is seized by [excess] blood, we do not let its blood even if it will die, according to Rabbi Yehudah. The sages say: One may let its blood, but one may not make a blemish. If one did make a blemish, one cannot slaughter it on that [basis]. Rabbi Shim'on says: One should let its blood even if he will make a blemish.

הַצּוֹרֵם בְּאֹזֶן הַבְּכוֹר, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִשָּׁחֵט עוֹלָמִית, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כְּשֶׁיִּוָּלֵד לוֹ מוּם אַחֵר, יִשָּׁחֵט עָלָיו. מַעֲשֶׂה בְזָכָר שֶׁל רְחֵלִים זָקֵן וּשְׂעָרוֹ מְדֻלְדָּל, רָאָהוּ קַסְדּוֹר אֶחָד, אָמַר, מַה טִּיבוֹ שֶׁל זֶה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, בְּכוֹר הוּא וְאֵינוֹ נִשְׁחָט אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה בּוֹ מוּם. נָטַל פִּגְיוֹן וְצָרַם בְּאָזְנוֹ, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים וְהִתִּירוּהוּ. רָאָה שֶׁהִתִּירוּ, וְהָלַךְ וְצָרַם בְּאָזְנֵי בְכוֹרוֹת אֲחֵרִים, וְאָסָרוּ. פַּעַם אַחַת הָיוּ תִינוֹקוֹת מְשַׂחֲקִין בַּשָּׂדֶה וְקָשְׁרוּ זַנְבוֹת טְלָאִים זֶה לָזֶה, וְנִפְסְקָה זְנָבוֹ שֶׁל אֶחָד מֵהֶם וַהֲרֵי הוּא בְכוֹר, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים וְהִתִּירוּהוּ. רָאוּ שֶׁהִתִּירוּ, וְהָלְכוּ וְקָשְׁרוּ זַנְבוֹת בְּכוֹרוֹת אֲחֵרִים, וְאָסָרוּ. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא לְדַעְתּוֹ, אָסוּר. וְשֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתּוֹ, מֻתָּר:

If one slits the ear of a firstborn it may never be slaughtered, according to Rabbi Eli'ezer. The sages say: Once it develops another blemish it may be slaughtered on that [basis]. It once happened that a Roman official saw an old ram with its wool matted and asked: "What is with this one?" They answered: "It is a firstborn and it may not be slaughtered unless it develops a blemish." He took a dagger and slit its ear. It came before the sages, and they permitted it. Once he saw that [the sages] permitted it, he went and made slits in the ears of other firstborns, and [the sages] forbade them. It once happened that children were playing in a field, and they tied the tails of two lambs to each other. One of the tails, belonging to a firstborn, was detached. This case came before the sages and they permitted it. Once [the people] saw that [the sages] permitted it, [the people] went and tied the tails of other firstborns together, but [the sages] forbade them. This is the rule, anything intentional is forbidden, and that which is unintentional is permitted.

הָיָה בְכוֹר רוֹדְפוֹ, וּבְעָטוֹ וְעָשָׂה בוֹ מוּם, הֲרֵי זֶה יִשְׁחוֹט עָלָיו. כָּל הַמּוּמִין הָרְאוּיִין לָבוֹא בִידֵי אָדָם, רוֹעִים יִשְׂרָאֵל נֶאֱמָנִים, וְרוֹעִים כֹּהֲנִים אֵינָן נֶאֱמָנִים. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, נֶאֱמָן הוּא עַל שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ וְאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל שֶׁל עַצְמוֹ. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הֶחָשׁוּד עַל דָּבָר, לֹא דָנוֹ וְלֹא מְעִידוֹ:

If one is chased by a firstborn, and one kicks it and causes a blemish, one may slaughter it on that [basis]. Israelite shepherds are trusted [regarding] all blemishes which could come about by human [causation] but priests [who are] shepherds are not trusted. Rabban Shim'on ben Gamliel says: [The priest] is trusted regarding [the firstborn of] a friend but is not trusted regarding [the priest's] own. Rabbi Meir says: One who is suspected regarding something cannot judge [cases regarding] it and cannot testify [about] it.

נֶאֱמָן הַכֹּהֵן לוֹמַר הֶרְאֵיתִי בְּכוֹר זֶה וּבַעַל מוּם הוּא. הַכּל נֶאֱמָנִים עַל מוּמֵי הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. בְּכוֹר שֶׁנִּסְמֵית עֵינוֹ, שֶׁנִּקְטְעָה יָדוֹ, שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה רַגְלוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה יִשָּׁחֵט עַל פִּי שְׁלשָׁה בְנֵי הַכְּנֶסֶת, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ יֵשׁ שָׁם עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁלשָׁה, לֹא יִשָּׁחֵט אֶלָּא עַל פִּי מֻמְחֶה:

A priest is trusted to say: "I examined this firstborn and it is blemished." Everyone is trusted regarding the blemishes of tithed animals. A firstborn that was blinded, or whose leg was cut off or leg was broken may be slaughtered by the word of three [regular attendees] of the synagogue. Rabbi Yossi says: Even if there are twenty-three people it can only be slaughtered by the word of an expert.

הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַבְּכוֹר (וּמְכָרוֹ) וְנוֹדַע שֶׁלֹּא הֶּרְאָהוּ, מַה שֶּׁאָכְלוּ אָכְלוּ וְהוּא יַחֲזִיר לָהֶם אֶת הַדָּמִים. וּמַה שֶׁלֹּא אָכְלוּ, הַבָּשָׂר יִקָּבֵר וְהוּא יַחֲזִיר לָהֶם אֶת הַדָּמִים. וְכֵן הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַפָּרָה וּמְכָרָהּ וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהִיא טְרֵפָה, מַה שֶׁאָכְלוּ אָכְלוּ וְיַחֲזִיר לָהֶם אֶת הַדָּמִים. וּמַה שֶּׁלֹּא אָכְלוּ, הֵן יַחֲזִירוּ לוֹ אֶת הַבָּשָׂר וְהוּא יַחֲזִיר לָהֶם אֶת הַדָּמִים. מְכָרוּהוּ לַנָּכְרִים אוֹ הִטִּילוּהוּ לַכְּלָבִים, יְשַׁלְּמוּ לוֹ דְמֵי הַטְּרֵפָה:

If one slaughters and sells a firstborn, and it becomes known that it was not examined, what was eaten was eaten and one must return the money. Of what was not eaten, the meat should be buried, and one must return the money. Similarly, if one slaughters and sells a cow, and then becomes informed that it was torn, what was eaten was eaten and one must return the money. Of what was not eaten, the meat is returned and one must return the money. If it is sold to non-Jews or thrown to dogs, one is paid the price of a torn animal.