Mishnah
Mishnah

Reference for Bava Metzia 9:13

הַמַּלְוֶה אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יְמַשְׁכְּנֶנּוּ אֶלָּא בְּבֵית דִּין, וְלֹא יִכָּנֵס לְבֵיתוֹ לִטֹּל מַשְׁכּוֹנוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כד) בַּחוּץ תַּעֲמֹד. הָיוּ לוֹ שְׁנֵי כֵלִים, נוֹטֵל אֶחָד וּמַנִּיחַ אֶחָד, וּמַחֲזִיר אֶת הַכַּר בַּלַּיְלָה וְאֶת הַמַּחֲרֵשָׁה בַיּוֹם. וְאִם מֵת, אֵינוֹ מַחֲזִיר לְיוֹרְשָׁיו. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף לְעַצְמוֹ אֵינוֹ מַחֲזִיר אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, וּמִשְּׁלשִׁים יוֹם וּלְהַלָּן מוֹכְרָן בְּבֵית דִּין. אַלְמָנָה, בֵּין שֶׁהִיא עֲנִיָּה בֵּין שֶׁהִיא עֲשִׁירָה, אֵין מְמַשְׁכְּנִין אוֹתָהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כד) וְלֹא תַחֲבֹל בֶּגֶד אַלְמָנָה. הַחוֹבֵל אֶת הָרֵחַיִם, עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, וְחַיָּב מִשּׁוּם שְׁנֵי כֵלִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם) לֹא יַחֲבֹל רֵחַיִם וָרָכֶב. וְלֹא רֵחַיִם וָרֶכֶב בִּלְבַד אָמְרוּ, אֶלָּא כָל דָּבָר שֶׁעוֹשִׂין בּוֹ אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כד) כִּי נֶפֶשׁ הוּא חֹבֵל:

If one gave a loan to his neighbor, [and the time came and he did not repay him], he may not take a pledge from him [forcibly, even in the marketplace], except through [a messenger of] beth-din; and he [the messenger of beth-din (and, it goes without saying, the creditor himself)] may not enter his house to take his pledge, it being written (Deuteronomy 24:11): "Outside shall you stand." If he had two vessels, [his debt being against both, and both standing in pledge], he takes one and returns one [when the other needs it. He returns it, and keeps the other with him, viz.:] He returns the pillow at night and the plow in the daytime. And if he (the debtor) dies, he (the creditor) does not return (the pledge) to his heirs, [there being no mitzvah to return it, it being written (Ibid. 13): "Return shall you return to him the pledge" — to him, and not to his heirs.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: Even to him (the debtor) himself, he returns it only until thirty days [the time of beth-din], and from the thirtieth day on it is sold in beth-din. [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel.] A pledge is not taken from a widow, whether she be poor or rich, it being written (Deuteronomy 24:17): "And you shall not take as a pledge the garment of a widow." [Because there is one who holds that it is a poor widow from whom a pledge is not taken, for since you must return it to her, and she comes and goes with you, you give her a bad name with her neighbors — but with a rich one, to whom this does not apply, we might think that a pledge is taken; we must, therefore, be apprised to the contrary, viz.: "You shall not take the pledge of a widow" subsumes both a poor and a rich widow.] If one takes a mill as a pledge, he transgresses a negative commandment, and he is liable (individually) for two implements, viz. (Ibid. 6): "One shall not take as a pledge the nether millstone nor the upper millstone." And it is not only nether and upper millstone that were interdicted, but all things which are used for food processing, viz. (Ibid.): "for it is a soul that he takes as a pledge."

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