Quoting%20commentary for Sukkah 1:10

בַּיִת שֶׁנִּפְחַת וְסִכֵּךְ עַל גַּבָּיו, אִם יֵשׁ מִן הַכֹּתֶל לַסִּכּוּךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, פְּסוּלָה. וְכֵן חָצֵר שֶׁהִיא מֻקֶּפֶת אַכְסַדְרָה. סֻכָּה גְדוֹלָה, שֶׁהִקִּיפוּהָ בְדָבָר שֶׁאֵין מְסַכְּכִים בּוֹ, אִם יֵשׁ תַּחְתָּיו אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, פְּסוּלָה:

If a roof fell in [in the middle] and he put schach there (in the open space), [so that the walls are at a distance from the schach, it is kasher.] If there are four cubits from the wall to the schach, it is pasul. [If, less than that, it is kasher. For it is a halachah to Moshe upon Sinai that we say "a bent-over wall" (is kasher) up to four cubits. We perceive the roof of the house as an extension of the wall, reaching until the schach (and he may not sleep under it.) The same applies to a courtyard with an exedra, [where he put schach in the "atmosphere" of the courtyard, distant from the walls of the exedra. (An exedra is a place surrounded by three walls)]. A large succah, ringed (on top) by something which may not be used as schach — If there is below it, (i.e., from where it begins, until the wall) four cubits, it is pasul. [Any succah where, if the pasul schach were removed, there would remain seven by seven handbreadths of kosher schach, is called "a large succah." ("ringed by something which cannot be used as schach":) only at the side (of the roof), where the succah is rendered pasul only if there are four cubits of pasul schach by reason of (the perception of) "a bent-over wall"; but in the middle of the succah, it renders it pasul (even) with (only) four handbreadths. And space without schach at all, whether in the middle or on the side, renders the succah pasul with three handbreadths (of such space).]

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