Mesorat%20hashas for Eduyot 1:2

שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, מִקַּב לְחַלָּה. וְהִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, מִקַּבָּיִם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה, אֶלָּא קַב וּמֶחֱצָה חַיָּבִים בְּחַלָּה. וּמִשֶּׁהִגְדִּילוּ הַמִּדּוֹת אָמְרוּ, חֲמֵשֶׁת רְבָעִים חַיָּבִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, חֲמִשָּׁה, פְּטוּרִין. חֲמִשָּׁה וָעוֹד, חַיָּבִין:

Shammai says: "From a kav, for challah" [i.e., a kav of dough is subject to challah (the Cohein's share of the dough)]. Hillel says: "From two kavim." And the sages say: "Neither like the one nor like the other; but a kav and a half are subject to challah." ["a kav and a half" — seven logs, an egg, and a fifth of an egg by the measure of the desert, this being the omer for a head" (Exodus 16:16), half of an ephah, which is subject to challah, as it is written (Numbers 15:20): "The first of your dough, challah, etc." according to the dough of the desert." And they added a sixth in Yerushalmiyoth. It is found, then, that six desert logs are contained in five Yerushalmiyoth; and the remaining log, and an egg, and a fifth of an egg add up to a Yerushalmi log. For the desert log was six eggs. Place them in five big eggs and you find that the log is lacking a big egg. Give an egg and a fifth for the big egg, the fifth of the egg being a sixth in addition to the egg, we find six big eggs, which are a big log, so that (altogether) we find six big logs — a kav and a half (which are subject to challah.)] And when the sizes were enlarged [to the Sepphoris standard, a sixth more than the Yerushalmith, so that the six logs became five, which are five quarters of a kav, a kav being four logs,] they said: "Five quarters of a kav are subject (to challah"). R. Yossi says: "Five (quarters) are exempt (from challah), five and above are subject to it." [R. Yossi holds that the desert measure was (eggs) larger than ours, one-twentieth of an egg for each egg. And the halachah is in accordance with the sages, that the shiur (the minimum measurement) for challah is a Yerushalmith kav and a half; that is, six Yerushalmith logs, which, by the desert standard, are seven logs, and an egg and a fifth of an egg — altogether, forty-three eggs and a fifth of an egg. And the Rambam weighed and searched and adjusted and examined and found that the weight of five hundred and twenty derahams of wheat flour is the shiur of flour subject to challah. And the deraham weight is known in Egypt today and in Eretz Yisrael to be the weight of about sixty-one barley grains.]

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