Mishnah
Mishnah

Halakhah for Pirkei Avot 3:15

הַכֹּל צָפוּי, וְהָרְשׁוּת נְתוּנָה, וּבְטוֹב הָעוֹלָם נִדּוֹן. וְהַכֹּל לְפִי רֹב הַמַּעֲשֶׂה:

All is seen. [Whatever a man does in his innermost chamber is revealed to Him.], and permission is given [to him to do good or evil, as it is written (Deuteronomy 11:26): "Behold, I set before you this day, etc."], and the world is judged by good, [by the attribute of mercy, notwithstanding which not all are alike in respect to this attribute, for] all is according to the abundance of deed. [One who is profuse in good deeds is given a profusion of mercy, and to one who is sparse in good deeds, the Holy One is sparse in mercy. Alternately, "And all is according to abundance of deed": A man is judged according to the majority of his deeds. If the majority are merits, he is innocent; if the majority are sins, he is guilty. Rambam explains: "All is seen": All the deeds of a man, both what he has done and what he is destined to do — all is revealed before Him. And do not say: If the Holy One Blessed be He knows what a man will do, if so, he must be compelled in his deeds to be righteous or wicked! (Do not say this, for) permission is given him to do either good or evil and he is under no compulsion whatsoever. And, this being so, he is judged by the Good One of the world, to exact (punishment) of the wicked and to grant reward to the righteous. For the sinner, who sinned by his will, deserves to be punished; and the righteous one, who was righteous by his will, deserves to be rewarded. "And all is according to the abundance of deed": In accordance with one's increasing and persisting in the doing of good will be the abundance of his reward. For there is no comparison between one who distributes a hundred gold pieces to charity at a hundred different times, to one who gives them (all) at one time. This is the reading of Rambam. "And all is according to the abundance of deed," and not "according to the deed."]

Sefer HaChinukh

To not whiten the face of an Israelite: To not embarrass an Israelite; and our Rabbis, may their memory be blessed, called this sin (Avot 3:15), "whitening the face of his fellow in public. And the negative commandment that comes about this [in the Torah] is that which is written (Leviticus 19:17), "you shall surely rebuke your compatriot, and you shall not bear a sin for him." And they said in Sifra, Kedoshim 4:8, "From where [do we know] that if you rebuked him four or five times [...] go back and rebuke [him again]? [Hence] we learn to say, 'you shall surely rebuke.' Perhaps, he should rebuke and his face change [color]? [Hence] we learn to say, 'and you shall not bear a sin for him.'"
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