Kommentar zu Bava Metzia 2:11
אֲבֵדָתוֹ וַאֲבֵדַת אָבִיו, אֲבֵדָתוֹ קוֹדֶמֶת. אֲבֵדָתוֹ וַאֲבֵדַת רַבּוֹ, שֶׁלּוֹ קוֹדֶמֶת. אֲבֵדַת אָבִיו וַאֲבֵדַת רַבּוֹ, שֶׁל רַבּוֹ קוֹדֶמֶת, שֶׁאָבִיו הֱבִיאוֹ לָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, וְרַבּוֹ שֶׁלִּמְּדוֹ חָכְמָה מְבִיאוֹ לְחַיֵּי הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. וְאִם אָבִיו חָכָם, שֶׁל אָבִיו קוֹדֶמֶת. הָיָה אָבִיו וְרַבּוֹ נוֹשְׂאִין מַשְּׂאוֹי, מֵנִיחַ אֶת שֶׁל רַבּוֹ. וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵנִיחַ אֶת שֶׁל אָבִיו. הָיָה אָבִיו וְרַבּוֹ בְּבֵית הַשֶּׁבִי, פּוֹדֶה אֶת רַבּוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ פּוֹדֶה אֶת אָבִיו. וְאִם הָיָה אָבִיו חָכָם, פּוֹדֶה אֶת אָבִיו, וְאַחַר כָּךְ פּוֹדֶה אֶת רַבּוֹ:
Seine Aveida oder die Aveida seines Vaters — sein verlorenes Objekt hat Vorrang, [es wird geschrieben (5. Mose 15: 4): "Aber es wird keinen armen Mann in dir geben" — Pass auf, dass du kein armer Mann bist. "] Seine Aveida und die Aveida seines Lehrers —Seine Aveida hat Vorrang. Die Aveida seines Vaters und die Aveida seines Lehrers—Sein Lehrer hat Vorrang [(Dies, wenn er sein Hauptlehrer ist, von dem er den größten Teil seiner Weisheit gelernt hat. Ebenso ist es sein Hauptlehrer, wo immer "Lehrer" in unserer Mischna als Vorrang vor "Vater" erwähnt wird das ist gemeint.)], denn sein Vater brachte ihn auf diese Welt, aber sein Lehrer, der ihn Weisheit lehrte, erweckt ihn zum Leben in der kommenden Welt. Und wenn sein Vater ein Weiser wäre, hätte der seines Vaters Vorrang. Wenn sein Vater und sein Lehrer Lasten trugen, setzte er zuerst die seines Lehrers und dann die seines Vaters ab. Wenn sein Vater und sein Lehrer gefangen genommen wurden, löst er zuerst seinen Lehrer und dann seinen Vater ein. Und wenn sein Vater ein Weiser wäre, würde er seinen Vater und dann diesen Lehrer erlösen.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
If he found his father’s and his teacher’s, his teacher’s takes priority for his father brought him into this world, but his teacher who taught him wisdom brings him into the world to come. If his father was a Sage, his father’s takes priority.
If his father and teacher each were carrying a load, he must first relieve his teacher and afterward relieve his father.
If his father and teacher were each taken captive, he must first ransom his teacher and afterward his father. But if his father was a Sage, he must first ransom his father and afterward his teacher.
In the beginning of this mishnah we learn that one’s own financial loss takes priority even over that of a father or a teacher (of Torah). The Torah expects people to help others but it also understands that people have a natural desire to help themselves.
The remainder of the mishnah deals with conflicts between helping his father and helping his teacher. In all of them we learn that his teacher (one who teaches him Torah) takes priority. Through this mishnah we can see how much the Rabbis valued learning and Torah study. His father brings him into this world and for that the Torah commands that he respect and fear his father. However, the teacher brings him into the world to come, and this is a greater responsibility even then being a father. Therefore the teacher receives even more respect than the father. However, if his father is a Sage, meaning learned in Torah, he deserves greater respect from his son than does another teacher/Sage, and he therefore takes priority.