Mischna
Mischna

Kommentar zu Avodah Zarah 4:6

עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁהִנִּיחוּהָ עוֹבְדֶיהָ בִּשְׁעַת שָׁלוֹם, מֻתֶּרֶת. בִּשְׁעַת מִלְחָמָה, אֲסוּרָה. בִּימוֹסְיָאוֹת שֶׁל מְלָכִים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָם בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהַמְּלָכִים עוֹבְרִים:

Ein Götzendienst, den seine Anbeter zurückgelassen haben —Wenn [sie es in einer Zeit des Friedens zurückgelassen haben], ist es erlaubt [Da sie von sich aus gegangen sind und es nicht mitgenommen haben (es ist ein Zeichen dafür), haben sie es aufgehoben]; In Kriegszeiten ist es verboten. Die Bimusioth der Könige [gehauene Steine, die für den König als Sockel für den Götzendienst auf der Straße befestigt sind, damit er sich vor ihm verneigen kann, wenn er dort vorbeikommt] sind erlaubt, weil sie dort platziert werden, wenn die Könige vorbeikommen. Die Gemara erklärt: "Weil sie es ablegen." Das heißt, sie sind dort nicht für alle Zeiten festgelegt, sondern nur, wenn die Könige vorbeikommen. Und es gibt Zeiten, in denen die Könige verschiedene Straßen überqueren und sich nicht um sie kümmern. Daher werden sie nicht als "Zubehör des Götzendienstes" betrachtet.]

Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah

שהניחוה עובדיה – and it wasn’t their intention to return.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah

An idol which its worshippers abandoned in time of peace is permitted,
in time of war it is prohibited.
Pedestals of kings are permitted because they set them up at the time the kings pass by.

Mishnah six discusses idols which have been abandoned by those who previously worshipped them. The question is, can we assume that the worshipper has annulled the idol by abandoning it and it is therefore permitted to the Jew.
Section one: If an idolater abandoned his idol in time of peace the idol is permitted since we can assume that the idolater has no intention of returning to worship the idol. For instance if Maximus the idolater decides to move from Jaffa to Caesarea and he leaves his idols behind, he has shown that he doesn’t intend to worship them anymore. However, if Maximus the idolater flees his home during a war and in distress leaves his idols behind, he may intend to return and worship them when the war is over. Therefore they are not considered to be annulled.
Section two: Pedestals which were set up on the sides of roads to place upon them idols when kings pass by are not forbidden to Jews, since they are only temporarily used by the kings. During other times, when normal people pass them by, they do not worship these pedestals.
The mishnah connects these two issues because the pedestals are like idols that have been abandoned by their owners. When the kings are not there these idols are “abandoned”.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah

בשעת שלום מותרת – since they left knowingly and did not take it with them, they annulled/destroyed it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah

בימוסיות של מלכים – hewn stones that were prepared for the procession of the king and when the king passes through the, they set up idolatry there and he worships it. And in the Gemara (Talmud Avodah Zarah 53b) explains because they leave it, meaning to say, they are not designated to establish there idolatry every hour but rather at the time when the kings pass, and sometimes the kings pass through another road and we don’t suspect them. Therefore, it is not considered to be the usages of idolatry.
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